Narrative Text and Descriptive Text
Narrative Text,
adalah teks yang isinya merupakan cerita atau kisah tentang sesuatu. Contoh narrative text: cerita rakyat (folktale), cerita binatang (fable), Legenda (legend), cerita pendek (short story),
dan sejenisnya. Di dalamnya terdapat konflik/puncak masalah yang
diikuti dengan penyelesaian. Fungsi utama teks ini adalah untuk berkisah
atau menghibur pembaca.
Ciri-ciri narrative text:
- Orientation: berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication: Berisi puncak konflik/masalah dalam cerita. Sebuah cerita boleh memiliki complication lebih dari satu.
- Resolution: Pemecahan masalah. Bisa berakhir dengan kegembiraan (happy ending) bisa pula berakhir dengan kesedihan (sad ending).
Catatan:
Terkadang juga susunannya (generic structure): Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Untuk “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ada bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.
2. Grammatical features menggunakan tenses “past”3. Sering menggunakan kata penghubung waktu (temporal conjunction), misalnya: once upon a time, one day, long time ago, …
Contoh Narrative Text:
Ali Baba
Once upon a time there
were 40 cruel thieves who put their stolen money and treasures in a
cave. They went in the cave by saying ”Open Sesame” to the cave
entrance. A poor person, named Ali Baba saw them while they were doing
that, so he heard the opening word. After they left, he went toward the
cave and opened it. Suddenly he found a very large quantity of money and
golden treasures. He took some of it and went back home. After that he
became a rich man and his brother wanted to know how he became rich.
Ali Baba turned into
the richest man in his village. His evil brother was really jealous of
him, and wanted to know how he could get such a lot of money. Therefore,
when Ali Baba went to the cave again to take some more money, his
brother followed him. He saw everything, and decided to go back the next
day to take some money for himself. The next morning he found a lot of
money in the cave, and he wanted to take all of them. Unfortunately,
when he was busy carrying the money to his house, the thieves came. The
boss of the thieves asked him how he knew about the cave. He told
everything, but unluckily they killed him and went to Ali Baba’s house.
After finding Ali
Baba’s house, they made a plan to kill him the following night. Some of
the thieves hid in big jars, and the boss pretended that he was a
merchant who wanted to sell the jars to Ali Baba. Ali Baba who was a
kind man invited the boss of the thief to have lunch together.
After lunch they took a
rest. Luckily, the house maid went out of the house, and found that
there were thieves inside the jars. She finally boiled hot oil and
poured it into the jars to kill all of them. The boss of the thieves was
caught, and put into prison.
Ali Baba was saved from the danger, and he finally lived happily ever after with his maid who became his wife shortly after.
Descriptive Text
Teks Deskriptif,
adalah teks yang mendiskripsikan, menggambarkan, atau menguraikan
tentang sesuatu, misalnya benda, orang ataupun tempat tertentu. Uraian
teks ini biasanya meliputi karakteristik, jenis, bentuk, fungsi dan
hal-hal terperinci tentang “sesuatu” tersebut.
Ciri-ciri Descriptive Text:
1. Struktur umumnya (generic structure) terdiri dari:- Identification: Bagian (kalimat) yang memperkenalkan (introducing) sesuatu.
- Description: Bagian yang berisi uraian atau gambaran tentang sesuatu tersebut, misalnya tentang jenis dan bentuknya.
2. Grammatical Features umumnya tenses “simple present”
3. Isi teks fokus pada pembahasan terperinci mengenai sesuatu atau benda yang dimaksud.
3. Isi teks fokus pada pembahasan terperinci mengenai sesuatu atau benda yang dimaksud.
Contoh Descriptive Text:
THE WHITE HOUSE
One of the most famous buildings in Washington D.C. is the White House. It is the home of the president of the United States.
The White House is a very large white
building. It has three main parts, namely the main building and two
wings (west and east wings). The main building has large central
porches. The porches have tall columns. Large lawns and gardens surround
the White House.
Generic Structure teks di atas sebagai berikut:
Identification: One of the most famous buildings in Washington D.C. is the White House.
Description: It is the home of the president of the United States. The White House is a very large white building. It
has three main parts, namely the main building and two wings (west and
east wings). The main building has large central porches. The porches
have tall columns. Large lawns and gardens surround the White House.
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