Reading : Word-Attack Skills, Vocabulary Building, and Interpreting reference

 Word-Attack Skills, Vocabulary Building, and Interpreting reference

3. Word-Attack Skills

Word-attack skills adalah teknik membaca yang berkenaan menerka kata-kata sulit dengan menggunakan hubungan gramatikal dan kontekstual. Hubungan gramatikal diartikan sebagai jenis hubungan yang berkaitan dengan bentuk dan fungsi kata dalam suatu konstruksi tertentu sedangkan hubungan kontekstual berkenaan dengan hubungan antara kata tertentu dang kata lain dalam rangkaian makna. Berikut disampaikan contoh penerapan teknik ini.


In the first place, with the rapid (1) development of science and technology, work today is more demanding than it used to be. For example, college graduates nowadays have to master English, computer science and driving skills before they can find decent (2) jobs. People have to spend more time acquiring (3) new techniques and skills. And their spare time tends to be fully occupied (4), not with leisure (5) pursuit, but with work-related pursuits.

1. fast  2. good  3. gaining   4. booked  5. free   


4. Vocabulary building

Teknik membaca ini berkaitan dengan dua proses utama dalam ranah morfologi, yakni derivasi dan infleksi. Proses derivasi diartikan sebagai proses morfologi yang berakibat pada perubahan makna dan/atau perubahan kategori. Proses infleksi merujuk pada proses morfologi yang berupa afiksasi yang berkaitan erat dengan penjamakan, penanda perubahan tenses, dan kepemilikan. Berikut disampaikan contoh penerapan teknik ini.

 Verb             Noun             Adjective            Adverb
 help              help                helpful              helpfully
comfort       comfort          comfortable       comfortably
enlarge      enlargement        large                 largely
enjoy          Enjoyment        enjoyable          enjoyable 
compete     competition     competitive      Competitively  

Perhatikan kata-kata yang dicetak tebal pada teks berikut. Identifikasi kata-kata sebagai hasil derivasi dan kata-kata sebagai hasil infleksi.

   In the second place, competition is becoming more intense. Many people feel anxious that they may be “laid-off” if they can’t work as hard as others. And they also feel at a disadvantage before new graduates. Therefore, it is understandable that people keep themselves involved in intensely hard work in order to preserve their positions. In my opinion, the worst aspect of this phenomenon is that the huge pressure of work will gradually affect people’s mental health. Excessively hard work means that people can never get rid of the fatigue of their work, even in their leisure time. This means that they cannot enjoy a normal life. In a word, in modern society overwork is stealing our leisure time. however, I believe this problem will be settled eventually with the development of science and technology.  


5.   Interpreting reference

  Teknik ini merujuk pada menemukan acuan atau sumber rujukan kata ganti yang muncul dalam teks. Interpreting reference ini memiliki dua sifat, yakni anaporik dan kataporik.  Dikatakan anaporik ketika rujukan atau acuan berada sebelum kata yang digantikan. Sebaliknya jika rujukan berada setelah kata yang digantikan disebut kataporik.  Di antara dua jenis tersebut, anaporik lazim ditemukan dalam berbagai soal yang berkenaan dengan interpreting reference. Berikut disampaikan contoh penerapan teknik ini.
Contoh 1 Carilah rujukan kata ganti yang digarisbawahi tersebut di atas

   In my opinion, the worst aspect of this phenomenon is that the huge pressure of work will gradually affect people’s mental health. Excessively hard work means that people can never get rid of the fatigue of their work, even in their leisure time. This means that they cannot enjoy a normal life. 
In a word, in modern society overwork is stealing our leisure time. However, I believe this problem will be settled eventually with the development of science and technology

Contoh 2 Carilah rujukan kata ganti yang digarisbawahi tersebut di atas.

         In brief, the computer age has arrived, and it is changing our lives. Computers have made communicating and doing business faster and more convenient, and they have greatly increased our access to information. Just as the invention of automobiles had an unplanned consequence-the growth of suburbs-so will the invention of personal computers. We will have to wait and see what these unintentional consequences will be.